Overview
The anus is the opening at the end of the bowel, where the body releases solid waste (poo). Anal cancer affects the tissues of the anus.
Most anal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which start in the lining of the anus and are caused by infection with a common virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). Most people don’t know they have an HPV infection as it usually doesn’t cause symptoms.
An anal cancer diagnosis can be a shock. Find helpful information in Just diagnosed, or call Cancer Connect on 13 11 20 to talk it through with our qualified professionals.
What's in this fact sheet
About anal cancer
Read about types of anal cancer, who gets anal cancer, and which health professionals will look after your care.
Symptoms and risk factors
Certain types of HPV are a risk factor for anal cancer. Learn about anal cancer risk factors, the role of HPV vaccination, and symptoms such as bleeding or pain.
Diagnosis
The main tests for diagnosing anal cancer are a physical examination and an endoscopy (inserting a tube with a camera and light) with a biopsy (taking a small tissue sample).
Treatment
The most common treatment for anal cancer is chemoradiation (radiation therapy with chemotherapy). Surgery is used less often. Read about what side effects to expect.
Life after treatment
Find out about follow-up appointments and adjusting to life after treatment.
Questions to ask your doctor
It can be a good idea to prepare a list of questions before your appointments. See our list of questions about anal cancer care.
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