Overview
Acute leukaemia is a fast-growing blood cancer. It begins when white blood cells become abnormal and start to grow out of control.
These abnormal cells are called leukaemia cells. They don't fight infection like healthy white blood cells do. Instead, they crowd out healthy cells, making it harder for the body to fight infections.
There are two main types of acute leukaemia: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We have separate information on chronic leukaemia.
An acute leukaemia diagnosis can be a shock. Find helpful information in Just diagnosed, or call Cancer Connect on 13 11 20 to talk it through with our qualified professionals.
What's in this booklet
About acute leukaemia
Learn the difference between acute and chronic leukaemia, and how different blood cell families can lead to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukamia (AML).
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
Diagnosis
Learn about tests to diagnose AML, which usually include blood tests, a physical examination and bone marrow tests. Genetic and molecular tests may also be used.
Treatment
Treatment for AML aims to destroy leukaemia cells and stop them coming back. Options will depend on the subtype of AML and may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and a stem cell transplant.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Diagnosis
Learn about tests to diagnose ALL, which usually include blood tests, a physical examination and bone marrow tests. Additional tests may include genetic testing and imaging scans.
Treatment
Treatment for ALL aims to destroy leukaemia cells and stop them coming back. Options will depend on the subtype of ALL and may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and a stem cell transplant.
Managing side effects
Understand how the side effects of leukaemia vary depending on the type of treatment and the individual. Common side effects may include fatigue, infections and bruising or bleeding and can be managed with medicine and practical strategies.
Caring for someone with leukaemia
Caring for someone with cancer can be rewarding but also challenging. Learn how carers can look after their own health and wellbeing and get support.
Questions for your doctor
It can be a good idea to prepare a list of questions before your appointments. See our list of questions about acute leukaemia treatment and care.
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